NAD+

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a fundamental cellular coenzyme essential for energy metabolism, redox balance, and mitochondrial function, acting as a critical substrate for key metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Research shows that NAD+ levels decline with age, impairing mitochondrial efficiency and contributing to fatigue, metabolic dysfunction, and reduced cellular repair capacity. Restoring NAD+—either through precursors or direct supplementation—has been shown to enhance ATP production, support DNA repair through activation of sirtuins and PARPs, improve cognitive performance by optimizing neuronal energy metabolism, and promote healthier aging by reducing oxidative stress and improving cellular resilience. Through its central role in energy production, genomic maintenance, and metabolic regulation, NAD+ supports broad physiological benefits spanning increased vitality, improved brain function, enhanced recovery, and overall cellular health.